WONDERS OF THE WORLD

The list of Seven Wonders of the World 2012

The Seven Wonders of the World behold the fancies of travellers and interest of historians alike. Built at different points in time, at different places, the seven wonders of the World are the materialization of some great dream, some great skills and some great labour; each being a masterpiece in itself.
Several monuments have been built down the line, magnificient in their own right, and thereby resulting in a new list of 7 wonders Of the world, but these Seven Wonders of the Ancient World continue to enchant the world. Enjoy a brief account of each:

The Taj Mahal A mausoleum of white marble built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the loving memory of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; the Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world. Twenty thousand men laboured on its construction. Construction began in 1631 and it took 22 years to completion. It is a symbol of eternal love. It is worth a visit, especially on a full moon night. It is aptly called the eighth wonder of the world.

The Colossus of Rhodes The construction of the Colossus took 12 years and was finished in 282 BC. This statue of Sun God (Helios) was made of bronze and reinforced with iron. The massive statue rose to a height of 32m and stood besides Mandrakion harbour. For years, the statue stood at the harbor entrance, until a strong earthquake hit Rhodes about 226 BC. The city was badly damaged, and the Colossus was broken at its weakest point -- the knee. In AD 654, the Arabs invaded Rhodes. They disassembled the remains of the broken Colossus and sold them off.more..

The Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)was built by the pharaoh Khufu around 2560BC.It is 136m high with each side measuring 229m. Each side is oriented with the cardinal points of the compass, i.e. North, South, East and West. The sloping angle of the side is 51 degrees 51 minutes. The Pyramids of Giza are the only surviving Wonders of the Ancient World.

The Magnificient Statue of Zeuswas built around 440BC. The base of the statue was 6.5m wide and 1m high. The height of the statue was 13m and the statue was plated with Gold and Ivory.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are the terraced gardens built by Nebuchadnezzar for his queen Amuhia around 600BC. Each terrace was believed to be 100m high and a water tank was placed at the highest level to water the plants.more..
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was built in memory of King Mausollos. It was completed around 350BC and was 40m high, adorned with friezes on all the four sides. In the early fifteenth century, the Knights of St John of Malta built a massive crusading castle which they fortified using the stones of the Mausoleum. By early sixteenth century almost every block of the Mausoleum had been disassembled and used for construction.

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was built around 350BC. The Temple was decorated with bronze statues sculpted by the most skilled artists of their time. The temple served as both a marketplace and a religious institution. For years, the sanctuary was visited by merchants, tourists, artisans, and kings who paid homage to the goddess by sharing their profits with her. Recent archeological excavations at the site revealed gifts from pilgrims including statuettes of Artemis made of gold and ivory... earrings, bracelets, and necklaces... artifacts from as far as Persia and India. more..

The Lighthouse of Alexandria It is a must visit place on travel to Alexandria Off Alexandria's coast lies a small island: Pharos. The island was connected to the mainland by means of a dike - the Heptastadion - which gave the city a double harbor. And because of dangerous sailing conditions and flat coastline in the region, the construction of a lighthouse was necessary. The project was conceived and initiated by Ptolemy Soter around 290 BC, but was completed after his death, during the reign of his son Ptolemy Philadelphus. For centuries, the Lighthouse of Alexandria (occasionally referred to as the Pharos Lighthouse) was used to mark the harbor, using fire at night and reflecting sun rays during the day. more..

Wonders Of The World - The Great Wall Of China

1. History of The Great Wall of China

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When tells about China. Maybe, anyone tells about Great Wall of China. This is one of seven Ancient Wonders of the Word. The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987. Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometers (5,500 miles) from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance.

Chinese Name: 长城/万里长城

Length: 8,851.8 km (5,500 miles)

Construction Period: About 2,000 years from the Warring States Period (476 BC - 221 BC) to Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

Story of the Great Wall is said to start from the Spring and Autumn Periods when seven powerful states appeared at the same time. In order to defend themselves, they all built walls and stationed troops on the borders. At that time, the total length of the wall had already reached 3,107 miles, belonging to different states.

In 221 BC, the Emperor Qin absorbed the other six states and set up the first unified kingdom in Chinese history. In order to strengthen his newly born authority and defend the Huns in the north, he ordered connecting the walls once built by the other states as well as adding some sections of his own. Thus was formed the long Qin's Great Wall which started from the east of today's Liaoning Province and ended at Lintao, Gansu Province.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns became more powerful. The Han court started to build more walls on a larger scale in order to consolidate the frontier. In the west, the wall along the Hexi corridor, Yumenguan Pass, and Yangguan Pass was built. In the north, Yanmenguan Pass and Niangziguan Pass in Shanxi were set up. Many more sections of the wall extended to Yinshan Mountain and half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Han's wall.

The Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties all built their own sections but on a smaller scale than the walls in the Han Dynasty. The powerful Tang Dynasty saw peace between the northern tribes and central China most of the time, so few Great Wall sections were built in this period.

The Ming Dynasty is the peak of wall building in Chinese history. The Ming suffered a lot by disturbances from minority tribes such as the Dadan, Tufan and Nuzhen. The Ming court from its first emperor to the last ceaselessly built walls in the north. The main line started from Jiuliancheng near the Yalu River in the east to the Jiayuguan Pass in the west and measured over 4,600 miles. Besides adding many more miles of its own, the Ming emperors ordered enlargement of the walls of previous dynasties into double-line or multi-line walls. For example, out of Yanmenguan Pass were added three big stone walls and 23 small stone walls. Eleven Garrisons were distributed along the main line of the wall. The countless walls, fortresses, and watch towers made the country strongly fortified. In the early Qing Dynasty, some sections of the walls were repaired and several sections were extended. This great engineering work stopped in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

Owing to its long history, natural disasters and human activities, many sections of the Great Wall are severely damaged and disappearing. Being a world-famous engineering project and witness to the rise and fall of Chinese history, the Great Wall, needs us to take immediate action to protect it!

Like a giant dragon, the Great Wall meanders over deserts, grasslands, and mountains until finally arriving at its destination - Bohai Gulf. Zigzagging 8,851.8 km (5,500 miles) from Jiayuguan Pass in the west to Hushan Mountain in Liaoning in the east, the wall crosses over ten provinces and cities, including Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing Tianjin, and Liaoning. The Great Wall had witnessed many changes through several thousand years of history, from the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty.

Beijing Great Wall:

In Beijing, there are many relics of the Great Wall, most of which were built around 1540.

Gansu Great Wall:

In Gansu, numerous cultural relics of the Silk Road can be found, such as the Mogao Caves and Maijishan Grottoes. Also it played a very important role in the ancient military defense. A lot of Great Wall relics have been found in this region. The most famous one is Jiayuguan Pass in Jiayuguan City, which is the western beginning of the Ming Great Wall. Additionally, the Overhanging Great Wall is worth a visit.

Hebei Great Wall:

There are a large number of Great Wall relics in Hebei Province. Most of them were built in the Ming Dynasty. In the east of Hebei stand the Great Wall of Laolongtou, Shanhaiguan Pass, Xifengkou&Sandaoguan, Zijingguan, Jiaoshan, Qingshankou, Malanguan, etc. In northwestern Hebei, you can see Zhangjiakou, Changyukou and Qingbiankou Great Wall. And in the southwest of Hebei, Wulonggou, Futuyu, and Chajianling can be seen.

Inner Mongolia Great Wall

Inner Mongolia boasts the largest number of Great Wall relics. Its total length covers one third of the whole length of China Great Wall. However, a great many remains were destroyed and even some of them have died out. For instance, in the area of Juyanhai Lake, ten fire towers have disappeared.

Liaoning Great Wall

It's thought that the eastern beginning of the Great Wall is the Shanhaiguan Pass in Hebei. However, in recent years, people find that its beginning is in Liaoning Province. Most of the Great Wall in Liaoning was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). In that period, the Great Wall was divided into nine districts, called Nine Important Towns on the Border. Liaoning Great Wall was administered by Liaodong Town. Now, it's uncommon to see its relics. The remains mainly distribute in the northwest of this region.

Ningxia Great Wall:

In Ningxia, the Sanguankou (Three Passes) Great Wall is highly recommended. In the Ming Dynasty, the Tartar and Wala tribes of Mongolia often came into the northwest China from Sanguankou. For the sake of safety, Sanguankou Great Wall was built.

Shaanxi Great Wall:

In Shaanxi, the Great Wall mainly distributes in Shenmu, Fugu, Jingbian and Hengshan in Yulin, Wuqi and Fuxian in Yanan and Dali, Heyang, Pucheng, Chengcheng, Baishui and Haicheng in Weinan. In length of more than 2,000 kilometers, Shaanxi Great Wall was built ranging from the Warring States Period to the Ming Dynasty.

Tianjin Great Wall:

The Great Wall in Tianjin was mostly built in the Ming Dynasty. And most of them were stone-structured. Only the Huangyaguan Great Wall was made up of bricks. Tianjin Great Wall has a complete defensive system, including walls, terraces, passes, fire towers, fire pools, ovens and fortresses.

2. The Construction of Great Wall

The history of the construction of the Great Wall of China can be dated back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC - 771 BC). But the Great Wall at that time was only a line of fortresses standing to defend against attacks from the Yanyun (an ancient nomadic tribe in north China). The Period of the Warring States (476 BC - 221 BC) was an era when the seven states (Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qin) were busy engaging in Great Wall construction for self-defense. Instead of one line, their walls stretched in the four directions and varied in length from several hundred miles to one or two thousand miles

In the Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BC) the emperor Qin Shihuang ordered his laborers to connect these scattered walls and create some new sections, thus forming a Great Wall in northern and central China in the true sense. The Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) further developed the defensive system of the wall and strengthened it on a larger scale. It pushed the wall construction to its highest peak.

The winding Great Wall is not merely a wall but instead a complete and rigorous defense project composed of countless passes, watchtowers, garrison towns, beacon towers and blockhouses. These fortifications were arranged in certain ways under the control of the military command system at all levels. For example, there were about 1,000,000 soldiers guarding the Ming's Great Wall. The chief military officers were stationed in garrison-towns, while lesser officials and soldiers were stationed in Guan Cheng (the defensive beachhead) and other smaller fortifications. The eleven Great Wall garrisons were set up along the Great Wall in order to guard the precinct or subsection.

The average height of the Ming Great Wall measures 33 feet and the width is about five yards. In low, flat areas the Great Wall was built high and more defense lines were added. In the lofty mountains, the wall was a little lower in order to save the human and financial cost. Sometimes, even steep cliffs served as natural walls to thwart enemies

Today, the Great Wall has lost its military function, but as a great ancient engineering work, its magnificent beauty and austere structure are still worthy appreciating.

As we all know, the Great Wall is the treasure of China - even the world. It really is a great masterpiece of mankind, with its beautiful scenes and grand construction. What many people may not know, however, is that in different periods of Chinese history the material of the Great Wall is different in different areas.

Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from earth, stones and wood. Due to the large quantity of materials required to construct the Great Wall, the builders always tried to use local sources. When building over the mountain ranges, the stones of the mountain were exploited and used; while in the plains, earth was rammed into solid blocks to be used in construction. In the desert, even the sanded reeds and juniper tamarisks were used to build the Great Wall.

Before and during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), because the earth buildings could withstand the strength of weapons like swords and spears and there was low technology of productivity, the Great Wall was basically built by stamping earth between board frames. As such, only walls of plain earth or earth with gravel inside were built. No fortresses were constructed along the wall, nor bricks used in the construction of gates at the passes. Some of the walls were even made only from piles of crude stones. Around Dunhuang City in Gansu Province, Yulin City in Shaanxi Province and Baotou City in Inner Mongolia, sites can still be found from the Great Wall of Qin, the Great Wall of Han and the Wall of Zhao. The Wall of Zhao was built during the Warring States Period using board frames, and the layers of earth can still be clearly seen.

During the period following the Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD), earth or crude stones were still popular building tools. The construction material did not reach a new level until the middle of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644); however the principle of using local material was maintained. Three hundred million cubic meters (393 million yards) of earthwork were used in the construction of the Great Wall, and with the appearance of large brick and lime workshops, some parts were also built with these new materials.

Bricks were used in a lot of areas during the Ming Dynasty, as well as materials such as tiles and lime. Attempts were always made to produce the materials locally, so kiln workshops were established to burn the crude material. In a construction team there was Material Supply Department. For example, in Juyongguan Pass names of supply departments such as kiln workshops, stone ponds and material supply departments were recorded. Some materials, such as the timbers for the construction of the passes, did have to be transported from outside areas when there were none available locally.

Bricks were more a convenient material than earth and stone as their small size and light weight made them convenient to carry and thus quickened the speed of construction. Bricks are also the ideal material to bear the weight. According to a sample experiment experiencing gravity and erosion over a hundred years, the compressive strength, resistance to freezing and absorbency of the bricks of the time are similar to today's common bricks. A huge brick from a hundred years ago showed a high level of technological skill for that time. For further ease of construction, different shapes of brick were also burned and made to stuff into different positions.

Stone, however, still has its advantages. Stones cut in rectangular shapes were mostly used to build the foundation, inner and outer brims, and gateways of the Great Wall. In the Badaling section, the Great Wall is made almost entirely of granite, some of green and white stones and some of white marble. The stone material was found to better resist efflorescence than bricks.

It is not only because of the high level of productivity of the time that hard material like bricks and stones were used in the construction of the Great Wall, but also because of the development of weapons. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built from board frames and, although not very solid, could withhold simple weapons like swords, spears and bows. But during the Ming Dynasty, gunpowder became available. The musket, blunderbuss and cannon appeared. Due to the use of these weapons, more solid bricks and stones were required to build a stronger Great Wall.

The Great Wall of China embodies the great systems of defense created during the wars of the time; moreover it indicates a great achievement in architecture.

3. The History of China Great Wall

In the north of China, there lies a 8,851.8-kilometer-long (5,500-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Seven Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.

Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass.

Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.

Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass

In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never smiled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.

Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread.

4. The Protection of China Great Wall.

In July 2009, TravelChinaGuide (abbr. TCG) sent a survey group to investigate the Great Wall situation in Shandan County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. This is our second visit to the Great Wall located in that place after 2002. We found the situation of the Great Wall is not optimistic. Compared to the wall pictures taken in 2002, many sections have become shorter, smaller or disappeared. The Great Wall is in danger!

Mention of the Great Wall of China evokes an image of a huge dragon flying freely on beautiful mountains. Unfortunately, this great image exists only in the well-protected Great Wall scenic areas, such as theBadaling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, and Simatai Great Wall. Most other sections lie broken in remote vast grasslands and boundless deserts, exposed to thousands of years of rains, snows and winds. Many were swallowed by sand before becoming known to the world. The matter of protecting the Great Wall cannot be delayed.

The Great Wall, owing to its huge bulk, long length and variant construction materials, is difficult to protect well compared to other relics which can be kept in museums. Besides natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes, the wall also suffers from human sabotage. There are four primary types of man-made sabotages. The first is the taking of bricks, earth and stones from the wall for constructional materials. The second is modern construction (such as the highway building) that develops at the price of damaging the wall. The third is damage caused by tourism access development. In recent years, people have learned the importance of wall protection. Since they innocently repair the wall according to their own imagination without concern for its historical appearance, this is also considered a kind of damage.

Being one of the world cultural and natural heritages, the Great Wall of China, belongs to the world, so everyone has the responsibility to protect it. Visitors should behave themselves on the wall, never defacing the bricks, never moving the bricks and never throwing litter about. People who live near the wall should not take bricks, stones and earth from the wall to build their own houses, or dig in the wall for sheepfolds or latrines. Officials should complete and enforce relevant regulations and laws. In September of 2006, the State Council promulgated the regulation on the protection of the Great Wall which went into effect on December 1 of the same year.

5. Tourism Value of China Great Wall.

“The Great Wall of China” is one of the natural wonders of the world, so it attracts many tourist.

The following are some images which is the evidences for The Great Wall of China’s attractiveness.

6. Advices for Tourist traveling to China Great Wall.

The Great Wall offers a timeless charm to tourists, but scenery varies with seasons. Visit it in different time you will get a quite different scene.

For Beijing Sections

Most of the popular sections of the Great Wall are located around Beijing, so the following is written with Beijing's climate in mind, although temperatures are likely to be colder and rainfall more as the Great Wall is on the mountains.

Spring

In spring, when trees and plants turn green, the wall wanders among the lush vegetation. Every thing looks so fresh. It is a good time to avoid the tourist crowds in summer and autumn. Expect temperatures from 10 to 25ºC (50-77ºF).

Summer

Summer comes and the blooming flowers and colored leaves dot the mountains. The Great Wall snakes its way like a silver necklace, standing out clearly in the strong mountain sunlight. The Beijing Great Wall usually enjoys blue skies and temperatures over 25ºC (77ºF) in summer. However, July and August are the months when most of the year's rain falls, so bring waterproofs in case.

Fall

When fall comes, the mountains are blanketed by colors of red, golden, yellow and brown, creating an amazing view and the weather during this time is pleasant. ( See best places to see fall colors in Beijing) This season is often recommended as the best season to visit. Expect temperatures from 10 to 20ºC (50-68ºF).

Winter

The mountains and the wall itself are often covered with snow in winter, offering an awesome snowy scene. The weather in this time of the year will be freezing or very cold and tourists are much fewer. Expect temperatures from 0 to 10ºC (32-50ºF). During the Chinese New Year period (uaually takes place in late January and early February), the Badaling Section of the wall is crowded with Chinese tourists.

Wonders Of The World - The Stonehenge - one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

7 wonders of the world, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, The Stonehenge, what are the wonders of the world, Wonders of the world, World Heritage Sites,

The Stonehenge is one of famous world wonder. Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire. It’s near Amesbury and in north Salisbury. Stonehenge consists round ground circle a circle stone. According to scientist, Stone was build about 2500-2000 years B.C. Nobody knows who was built Stonehenge and proposes of Stonehenge. It’s secret that archaeologists are looking for. There are legends explain appear of Stonehenge. Secret is why prehistoric man could move heavy stones only simple way. It’s the question make historian to learn. Stonehenge has ever been a cemetery during 500 years, historians dug any skeleton in here this is here organize rites religion. It could be a observatory to observe stars or to move the sun, There are much questions concern to it.
Though it isn’t one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it is property culture of the world and much value history and culture. It’s a work typical for works in anywhere other. Beside near it are shapes strange on ground and mystery pictures, significantly of them. The Stonehenge is the most attractive tour place United Kingdom and the world.

This area and the surrounding area has been UNESCO recognized World Heritage Site in 1986.

1. United Kingdom - The country of Stonehenge.

United Kingdom is rich and famous country in West Europe United Kingdom is in an island to cover is Atlantic Ocean. It was called “the dew land”. Population is about 60 millions with 242.900 kilometers area.

United Kingdom consist of Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland) and Northem Ireland. It’s strong country about economics, army (navy), stable society, specially is famous with finance centre of the world. British are cheerful and friendly. There are much attraction with all everybody as to go on a tour, to work, tourism… it seems good conditions here in the world. Many famous cities is over in the world as London (finance center of the world), Liverpool (the capital culture of Europe 2008, the big seaport development), Manchester (the center fashion and technology, etc.) Beside football always attracts anyone when to talk about United Kingdom. It is typical culture and very tradition. Many football players are idol of young people over the world.

United Kingdom tourism is very development, it has very beautiful scenery and it’s weather is vey good as the Clock Tower (Big Ben), Hadrian Wall, Warwick Castle, Stonehenge, District Lake, .One of them is the most famous Stonehenge. The Stonehenge is the most attractively tour place in Europe and the world.

2. History of Stonehenge - Wonders of the world

History of Stonehenge 1 (circa 2950 - 2900 BC)

The Stonehenge didn’t obvious shape. It’s only a round bank.
The first monument consisted of a circular bank and ditch enclosure made of Late Cretaceous (Santonian Age) Seaford Chalk , measuring about 110 meters in diameter, with a large entrance to the north east and a smaller one to the south .It stood in open grassland on a slightly sloping spot.

History of Stonehenge 2 (circa2900 - 2400 BC)
The number of postholes dating to the early 3rd millennium BC suggests that some form of timber structure was built within the enclosure during this period. Further standing timbers were placed at the northeast entrance and a parallel alignment of posts ran inwards from the southern entrance. The postholes are smaller than the Aubrey Holes, being only around 0.4 meters in diameter, and are much less regularly spaced. The bank was purposely reduced in height and the ditch continued to silt up. At least twenty-five of the Aubrey Holes are known to have contained later, intrusive, cremation burials dating to the two centuries after the monument's inception.
People cremated the dead in here. . Stonehenge is therefore interpreted as functioning as an enclosed cremation cemetery at this time, the earliest known cremation cemetery in the British Isles.

History of Stonehenge 3 period (circa 2550 - 1600 BC)
Perhaps, this time, Stone was move to center circle and dug two concentric arrays of holes (the Q and R Holes ) in the centre of the site. In hole, someone built monolith. Each monolith measures around 2 metres in height, between 1 m and 1.5 m width and around 0.8 metres thick. Outside center is a circle 33 diameter around (Round Sandstone). It consists of stones prop 30 stones other. Each stone weigh about 25 ton. According to scientist these are monoliths 4 meters in height, and 2 wide and 1 meters thick. Then someone took down stones in holes Q and R then replace by 5 structures consist 2 stones prop a stone. It shaped as hoof of horse, each monolith weigh 50 ton and lays symmetry each other. Structure is the biggest in centre (7.5 meters), lowest is 6 meters. The Hoof of horse face to north east, this it in center has a stone lie, 4,9 meters length,1 meters width and 0,5 meters thick. (Altar Stone). Now it has 2 stones lie on Altar Stone.
2 circle lie by Round Sandstone (it called Y and Z) consist many holes was dig outside (Round Stone). Close bank of mound nearest was set 4 stones. Around this 2 of 4 stones has drain and round is 12-12 meters. The main entrance has a fire stone 4,9 meters length and has 2 row stone. The last entrance is a stone 4, 88 meters height, around its drain with round 10 meters. Some supposition believes that ice river was bringing stone to here. Most agree with supposition someone bring stone inhere by wood and rope. Beside, much matter to find in Scandinavi peninsula and in England.
According to archaeologists, Stonehenge has function as a cemetery or an observatory. They believed that Stonehenge is complete yet. If it completed, it would be a perfect wonder.

3. Stories and legends of Stonehenge

The stories and legends of Stonehenge always attract anyone when hear about them. According to these legends, in a fierce battle, about 300 fighters brave has died. Arthur king want to build the biggest monument on their grave. Merlin sorcerer used magical in order to move stones from Ireland. So Stonehenge is a monument. Explains that who build Stonehenge such as colossal stones were built by druids in old tribe in order to execute rites on the summer solstice day and the winter solstice day. The face was found on any surface stones.

The legends explain about appear of Stonehenge: According to the sun and her flowers. In the past, people worshipped the sun and were able to communicate with it. One day, a group of followers wanted to build a temple to worship the sun. The sun directed them to a small forest by the river where they could find wood. By the next day, they managed to build a woodener. The sun was pleased. After some time, the sun got stronger. She found that the woodener was not good enough and instructed them to find stones up north, to build a hanged made of stone. Hence, the devotees travelled to search for the sacred stones. After having found the stones, they destroyed the woodener and constructed the Stonehenge.

May be shape of Stonehenge like shapes people touch hands each other so it has the legend of the dancing giants. It was believed that giants once existed, before human evolved. One day, the giants were dancing and circling around on the Salisbury Plain. Suddenly, they were frozen and turned into stones. This explains why Stonehenge consisted of concentric circle. Many people believe this legend in the past because the shape of Stonehenge somewhat resembles the shape of giants holding hands, standing in a circle.

4. Tourism Values of Stonehenge

Special shape of Stonehenge

Most popular accounts concentrate on the difficulties in calculating astronomical events, arranging the alignments of the stones, etc. The truth is, using stable observing point, it would be possible to arrange closely arrayed series of vertical poles and designate which of them corresponded to your observation of a significant astronomical event, mark them, and then to erect a stone or stones at that point at a later time. The significant problems are not in observation and measurement, but in the engineering involved in erecting the final structure. Those are some pretty big stones. In fact that. The suppositions is foundation for proofs other and all that fascinate everybody. Any scientist believed that Stonehenge is complete yet. If it complete, it will full and imposing.

The distance for monolith about 100 meters is special shapes, it be print on fields. Glass grown at particular canon, ground didn’t changes or dig. The images appears around in here make scientists over the world must puzzle. What meaning is hide in images? Who was made them, and why these images appear near Stonehenge? You try to expose any ideal about images.

Special function of Stonehenge
According to supposition, The Stonehenge was a cemetery has ever been during 500 years. Stonehenge was used to do cemetery before stones put here and people was buried may royal’s in the past. Scientists affirm 240 in Stonehenge cemetery, all burnt down. At first any people bury in here but then people rise by amount person of royal’s rise. The date of skeleton is 3000 years. Historians believed Stonehenge to be an observatory because shape of it likes the sun or the moon. The proof this they found in summer solstice day the sun move to between circles of Stonehenge. There are many people come here at summer solstice day in order to see the sun. It’s attraction with all tourists when they come to the Stonehenge.

Over the years, various authors have suggested that supernatural or anachronistic methods were used, usually asserting that the stones were impossible to move otherwise. However, conventional techniques using Neolithic technology have been demonstrably effective at moving and placing stones this size. Proposed functions for the site include usage as an astronomical observatory, or as a religious site. Other theories have advanced supernatural or symbolic explanations for the construction. There are many tourists wonder why human can build Stonehenge? Ancients build heavy stones while at that time technology didn’t development. Currently, more than 800,000 people a year go turnstiles to see it. Specially is at the summer solstice day and the winter solstice day.

5. Advice for tourists

When you want to visit Stonehenge, you should choose a schedule suitable. After you choose place rest. There is a Holiday in business hotel next to the A303 in Solstice Park, but be warned that rooms start at around £150. For sub £50 rooms consider the George Hotel, Antrobus Arms or Fairlawn Hotel in Amesbury, You need to be a day tour because a tour go through many place other. Salisbury, Stonehenge and Bath Tour, Windsor, Stonehenge and Oxford Tour.

London-Stonehenge - In Salisbury, You can catch taxi to Stonehenge or search bus timetable locate. Bus run continuous for Saibury to Stonehenge and it’s cheaper than bus.
Children, students, the old will pay cost less than tourists other. You should hear information from tour guide during trip to understand about Stonehenge. You can come in circle center of the Stonehenge and trip around it. You should learn about special glass in here you can discover any secret. Souvenirs are available to paying visitors at the English Heritage shop at Stonehenge, although a wider range of merchandise can be obtained from Salisbury. For those wanting something a little different, Stonehenge Lamb is available to buy from local farmers.

You should come to Stonehenge in June and October because at the summer solstice day and the winter solstice day the sun is very beautiful. Sunbeam radiate through Stonehenge area. Beside June and October, you can visit it in March or September. That is the best time to visit the most suitable in Stonehenge. There is a small kitchen at the English Heritage and store drink center next to the stones, you should try any foods or drink in here.

Wonder of the World - Mount Fuji

7 wonders of the world, Mount Fuji, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, what are the wonders of the world, Wonders of the world, World Heritage Sites,

Mount Fuji – Wonder of the World is the highest mountain in Japan at 3776, 24m. Mount Fuji lies about 100km south-west of Tokyo and it is a well-known symbol of Japan .It is one of Japan‘s Three Holy Mountain along with Mount Tate and Mount Haiku. Mount Fuji is a volcano which geologists estimate was created 600.000 years ago. It last erupted in 1707 and is now dormant. According to Buddhist tradition, Fuji rose from the earth in 286 BC after an earthquake that also created Lake Byway.

The Everest Mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature through out the ages and is the subject of many poems. Mount Fuji is a distinctive feature of the geography of Japan. It is located near the Pacific coast of central Honshu, just west of Tokyo. There are three small cities surround it: Go Temba to the south, Fujiyoshida to the north and Fuji Omiya to the south west. The temperature is very low at the high altitude and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is -38C and the highest temperature was 17,8C recorded in June 2008. Mount Fuji is the well-known symbol of Japan and famous in the world.

1. Brief introduction of Japan and Mount Fuji.

Japan, the land of Rising Sun, a tourist paradise, has many famous sights such as: Imperial Palace, Tokyo Tower…and the famous place in Mount Fuji. Beside Japan have three views: Matsushima Bay, Amanohashidate and Miyajima. Three views is the canonical list of Japan’s most famous sights, somewhat akin to the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Mount Fuji is the highest mount in Japan and it is symbol of this country. Mount Fuji is subject in music, art, pictures and literature. This mountain region stretched across the province shizuoka and yamanashi, in the southwest Tokyo. It is located near the center of Honshu Island. This is a live volcano with the absolute height. The peaks are covered with Snow all year, creating a majestic and magnificent beauty.

There are five lakes located in the foot of the mountain, it is includes: Kawaguchi, Yamanaka, Saia, Mottos and Shoji along with lake Ashy nearby there. They create a marvelous landscape for the mount.

The height‘s mount is 3776m, the mountain is extremely pyramidal beauty. It is worldwide fame the same as symbol of Japan, simultaneously it inspired generations of artists and poets. Mount Fuji is a mountain, which is the most popular in Japan.

2. History of Mount Fuji

It says that the first person reach the top of this mountain is an anonymous bonze. Before Meiji era, Mount Fuji is a sacred mountain so woman does not allow reaching there. Nowadays it is an ideal place to everyone go tourism and especially it spend persons who like climbing mountain.

The Mount Fuji is a place where the old warrior exercises regularly: Samurai used foot of a mountain to practice art of fighting, near Go Tempe town.

Traditionally, people must wear white clothes and cleanse their body by water of five large lakes at the foot of mountain before climbing Mount Fuji.

Scientist had identified four periods of different volcanic activity formed the Mount Fuji. Nowadays, this kind of volcanic is active with low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was in 1707

3. Stories and legends associated with the Mount Fuji.

Not only Mount Fuji knew by romantic beauty but also it attracts tourists by the wild and mysterious legends. The name of mountain derived from the fairy tale about an exiled fairy from the heaven down to earth.

It is said that an old firewood who found a little girl in forest. Then he brought her to rise and her name is Hume. Hume grew up in the love of adoptive parents. Days go by, she became a beautiful young woman, many men tried to pursue her including the king. However, both of them was refused because she was a fairy in the sky and she knew that the number of days in the world had run oUt. Before leaving, she sent a letter and a vial of life immortal for the king. The King was very heartbreaking to leave her so he brought drug down to the top of a mountain. Then this mountain

was higher and higher and it became the highest mountain in Japan. People gave a name for this mountain called be Mount Fuji as today.

4. Tourism values of Mount Fuji

Mount Fuji is place where the intersection of Asia, Europe continental plates, Okhotsk continental plate and Philippine continental. Besides, Mount Fuji is located the Pacific coast of Honshu main island on the border between the two provinces Shizuoka and Yamanashi , with such location, Mount Fuji has a beauty of natural wonders and colorful mixture of each place.

From the top of the mountain which looked out. Tourists will be looking at a scene of immense, majestic and beautiful; the blue lakes situated between the vast forests. Especially, tourists can see Waldo Lake, which is the largest and the deepest in the Willamette national forest. However, The Waldo Lake is as the clearest and the purest in the world.

In particular, views of Mount Fuji extremely vivid and unique. Landscape change over four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season, each appears. In winter, the mountain is covered by snow, spring flowers blooming peach glow on the mountain, the mountain is as invisible as the fog, in the summer, with a variety of creatures and we feel cool red leaves will flood standing on the mountain also fall on Mount Fuji.

Board Fuji is one of the famous volcanoes in the world. The difference is not in the crater itself, which is located in the mountain peaks, fossil men gradually pile up high. Mount diameter of nearly 40 km, is considered one of the world's largest volcano.

Japanese who also want to reach the top of Mount Fuji. In July and August, the ice melting, It was at Mount Fuji cross greets visitors, opening for rock climbing season. From all over the mountain roads on hold "ceremonies on the mountain" very solemn. Mountaineering athletes and tourists around the world to join in the mountain stream.

When participating in climbing Mount Fuji, at each stop, visitors can enjoy traditional Japanese dishes with very attractive dishes and delicious.

Currently, many people climb Mount Fuji as a pleasure. Climbing season, from day 1 / 7 until 30 / 8, each day there are dozens of people climb Mount Fuji. Nevertheless, starting to climb Mount Fuji is a religious practice; there are many strict rules for those who want the highest peak of Japan.

Mount Fuji is a big mountain in Japan so there are many 10 stations from the foot of the mountain to the peak of the mountain. It takes us about 7 hours to climb Mount Fuji. In addition to being changes of temperature, the higher we climb, the colder the air is. If you intend to climb Mount Fuji, you should prepare a lightweight luggage and have a good health.

When climbing, you should wear thin socks and a soft absorbent sweat socks outside covering long pants to avoid insect bites. When you bring two pairs of socks so reduce the palm of the shoe and foot, to avoid skin -blistering feet.

Clothing and long pants when climbing is just right, absolutely no jeans or slim pants fabric, do not wear tight pants. T-shirts to wear medium width, absorption of sweat. When stopped, you should wear warm clothes just to avoid the wind hit. Especially, you should bring sleeping- bag to rest if you do not want to stay overnight in hotels in the mountains. Beside, preparing useful furniture and a good health, let us prepare a high spirit and big determination to reach the peak of Mount Fuji.

5. Advices for tourists.

Wonders of the World - Mount Everest

Mount Everest – Wonders of the world is the highest mountain with 8,848 meters (29035 ft). In fact, this mountain is rising a few millimeters each year due to geological force. Everest is part of the Himalaya mountain range along the border of Nepal and Tibet. There are many tourist-related treks and tours in Mount Everest.Everest Base Camp – the staging area for summit attempts up Mount Everest – is a popular place to visit for trekking holidays, and often is where treks culminate. The Everest Base Camp trek is the classic route – it follows the route that Edmund Hillary took as he approached Everest for his famous Everest ascent. Although a certain level of fitness is required, this is the best way for regular tourists to visitMount Everest.

Everest is a particularly hard climb due to the mountain elevation and harsh climate. So, many people in the world visit to Nepal to conquer Everest each year.

1.Nepal – country of Mount Everest

Mount Everest is known for a part of the Himalaya mountain range along the border of Nepal and Tibet. But Mount Everest is known better in Nepal. Because Tibet has only a little mountain of Mount Everest and it isn’t set off. Nepal allows to exploit tourism values of Mount Everest.

Nepal is land- looked country in South Asia with an area of 147,181 square kilometers. Katmandu is the nation’s capital and the country’s largest metropolis.

Nepal famous about a bungee-jumping, apple-pie eating Shangri-la special Mount Everest. It’s also one of the poorest countries in the world. However many visitor drawn to Nepal by the promise of adventure, leave equally enchanted by the friendliness and openness of the Nepali people.

Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal, and the largest source of foreign exchange and revenue. Possessing 8 of the 10 highest mountains in the world, Nepal is a hotspot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and people seeking adventures .Mount Everest is part of the Himalaya mountain in Nepal. Ever since the country was first opened to climbers if 1949, Nepal has become a great theatre of mountaineering activity and the drama of success and failure have provided impetus to more men to meet the ultimate adventure. It is therefore, through all the ages, Nepal had been the center of attractions to the whole world, be it saints, philosophers, researchers or adventures.

The government of Nepal has declared 2011 to be Nepal Tourism Year, and hopes to attract one million foreign tourists to the country during that year. The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country.

2. History of Mount Everest

Mt. Everest has a great deal of history behind it. It was named after Sir George Everest, surveyor-general of India. On May 28, 1953 Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were left behind by their companions. They hoped to be the first to climb the world’s highest mountain.

The next day they became the first people in the world to climb Mount Everest. They were only on the crown of the world for fifteen minutes before they had to step off the highest perch on earth. Sir Edmund P. Hillary was a beekeeper from New Zealand. He was born in Auckland. His

first attempt to climb Mt. Everest was in 1951 and 1952. The next year he reached the summit.

Queen Elizabeth II knighted Hillary for his great achievement.

Sir George Everest

Some important historical landmark of Everest :In 1841, Sir George Everest, Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843, records the location of Everest.

In 1852, The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India determines the Peak XV is the highest mountain in the world.

In 1856, Surveyor Andrew Waugh completes the first height measurement, declaring Everest to be 8840 meters high.

In 1865, Peak XV re-named Mount Everest to honor Sir George Everest, the Surveyor General of India.

In 1953, British Expedition and First Summit.

In 1955, the height of Everest is adjusted to 29,028 feet (8848 meters).

3. Stories and legends associated with Mt.Everest

Mount Everest is a attractive spot not only in Nepal but also around the world because it known as “ Mother of the earth”. However, only a few people know about legend about the development of Mount Everest.

Once upon a time, a long time before the dinosaurs and cavemen, cars and skyscrapers.

There was no grass, the ground was all covered with sand, just like a desert. No sun was shining, the world was all dark, accept a few stars shining far away in the univers. And, the only creatures living on erath was trolls. The big trolls often eat the weak, children and old troll, so it is a hard battle. Everyone think that the biggest and strongest trolls could survive. On the other hands, one day something happended. It starts when Little Mount cried and screamed at his mother because, he is being eaten by Uncle Sguf who is big troll. Little Mount’s mother is the biggest lady. Her name is Everesta who had saved many children trolls from eaten by the big ones. After, she listened it and he got a scolding. She didn’t allow his to eat her son. But he didn’t agree with her, so she grabbed some sand from the ground and stuck op in Sgufs face and gave it the sack. He got angry and hit her hand and the sand fall out. The next, she punched back hit his nose. He let go on Little Mount and he fell down on the ground. She pushed him carefully out of the ring, she gave him a hug before she went back. He cried and looked up the stars. Special thing happended is he saw a shooting star and wished for miracle to happen, neither Uncle Sguf nor his mother needed to die. Suddenly, he saw a light big star rise up over a sand hill. And, Everesta and Sguf stopped fighting, and all the trolls who were watching them turned around. The star was getting bigger and bigger, lightning up everything on its way. Then, Everesta lifted Little Mount up and sat him on her shoulder. The sun hit them and watched one by one of them was turned into mountains.

The last,with Mount one her shoulders, were tallest one the whole earth, and they became Mount Everest.

4. Tourism values of Mount Everest

Mount Everest is famous because it is highest mountain in the world and very beautiful. This mountain always a challenge to climbers and explorers . Anyone who has ever set foot on the world’s highest peals has also surprised by beauty myth is not two. Himalaya Valley is famous in Nepal. Thousands of tourists to visit and fall in love with the cold and mountainous wilderness of this skyrocket . Khumbu Valley of Nepal is located at the foot of Mount Everest, where new trees and natural attraction is the multitude of tourists around the world.

Mount Everest is consider as “ Mother of earth”, so it attracts a lot of tourists over in the world. Specially, the trek to Everest Base Camp and Kala Patar is the main attraction for most, though good views of the mountain can be enjoyed from lower altitudes putting it in reach of many without the required time to reach higher elevation. In addition, there are many kind of sports, such as: Climbing, skiing, parachute jump and so on.

Thousands of people come here each year. They travel to Nepal to learn the culture , tourism values in Nepal and especially to admire the majestic beauty of the world’s highest mountain.

And, a lot of people come here to participate in the conquest of Mount Everest.

Mount Everest is an important tourist attractions in Nepal. It is not only famous in Nepal but also all around the world. We hope we will come here and conquer Everest. But, it’s difficult for us.

Mount Everest bring economic benefits for tourism in Nepal.“ Tourism provides the single largest source of foreign exchange for the country’s development plans and the largest source of employment beside agriculture for Nepali nationals”.

5. Advice for tourist

Everest is particularly hard climb due to the mountains elevation and harsh climate. So, if you decided to go , you need to prepare many things for trip.

Things you’ll need: climbing ropes, tent, climbing harnesses, winter outerwear, sleeping bags, camping stoves, camping gear, climbing gear, camp-store Fuels , food and drink.

Instructions for you:

The first, you should take mountaineering courses that teach you about technique, equipment, routes and survival. The, you always practice climbs in high alpine terrain, including steep faces, rough rocks, night climbs, ice falls and snow climbs.

The second, you should get a complete physical checkup. You’ll need healthy veins and arteries to pump lots of blood to your brain and muscles, as well as to warm your body. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol down.

The third, you should bring much money, about 25,000 USD or 60,000 USD. You’ll pay for travel, food, equipment, oxygen, insurance Sherpa fees and many things.

Besides, you should make a plan expedition. Six months in advance, you’ll need to file for permits and send copies of passports and climbing letters of recommendation for your team to the Nepal Ministry and Administration, as well as to a trekking agency to help you with transporting you gear. You’ll also need to contract with Sherpas to aid you on voyage. For more information, contact the Nepalese Embassies and Consulate Offices in Washington, DC, or in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Then, you should prepare pack a first aid kit, medications, satellite phone, walkie-talkies, laptop computer, padlocks for bags, tents, sleeping bags, mountaineering clothing, climbing equipment and ropes, water, food, trash bags, sun-screen, vision protection, oxygen bottles and anything else you can fit on a yak or on your back, or that you can hire a Sherpa to carry for you. Make sure you’ve tested all your gear in cold, severe conditions before you pack it. The last, pack out all of your empty oxygen bottles and trash to get back your $4,000 environmental deposit and leave the mountain with good karma

Tips: Test all of your gear in cold, severe conditions before you take it up Everest ; climb with people you know and trust, and who have extensive experience ; ask other climbers who have tackled Everest to recommend the most skilled and reliable Sherpas ; drink lots of purified water to stay hydrated ; rest often when prudent.

Warnings: Stay warm, or risk losing body parts ; climbing Mount Everest puts you at risk of severe injury, disease and possibly death from avalanche, falling rocks, crevasse falls, exhaustion, dehydration, frostbite, pneumonia, dysentery, Khumbu cough, whiteout disorientation, hypothermia, high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema, and other hazards ; be prepared to call off your summit attempt due to fatigue or poor weather conditions.

Mount Everest is one of the World Wonders in the world. It is the most attractive land scape in Nepal and the pride of Nepal. It is a part of the Himalaya mountain range along the boder of Nepal and Tibet.

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